Portable generators can be a lifesaver during power outages however, they could also cause harm when not properly used. Generators generally burn fossil fuels like gasoline or other fuel, and produce two harmful propertiers, carbon monoxide (CO) and electricity. There are three guidelines to follow to ensure the safe usage of electrical generators:
Use portable generators only when they are completely ventilated.
Utilize the power generated by a generator according to the instructions.
Follow the correct procedures when refilling the generator.
How Portable Generators Work
A portable generator operates in converting energy from mechanical sources into electrical energy in the same manner that utility power plants do it, but on smaller scale. Generators all create an electric field through spinning a shaft that turns the wire coils (armature) between the north and south poles of magnets. For portable generators the spin of the coils is caused through a burning engine which rotates the shaft of armature, similar to how a lawnmowers spins blade.
The movement of wire coils within the magnets of a bank stimulates the electrons within the wires, generating electrical energy that can be harnessed to supply the plug-in outlets of the generator. Portable generators include an alternator which generates 120-volt alternation (AC) current that is able to be utilized by ordinary equipment and appliances.
Proper Practices for Using a Generator
A portable generator can be available to go if you adhere to certain guidelines.
Run Generators Outdoors
Portable generators all make use of fossil fuels and produce carbon monoxide, which is a dangerous gas that is colorless and smells nothing. This is why portable generators need to be air-conditioned at all times they are in operation. It is not recommended to run your generator inside or in garages unless the garage is completely air-conditioned and that usually means opening several doors to allow cross-ventilation. Imagine this in this manner the space you’re in isn’t capable of running an engine-powered lawnmower or automobile, it’s not suitable for a portable generator.
Use the Right Extension Cords
Because your generator is operating outside, you’ll probably require extension cords to supply power to your home. But, it’s important to keep in mind the fact that no extension cords will be created equal. Like the wiring inside your walls, extension cords are limited for carrying power. Cords that are heavy-duty and have large wires can carry more power than cords that have lighter gauge wire. The length is also a factor. A 25-foot cord has a larger capacity than a 100-foot cord of the same wire. A cord that is too small can cause the cord to overheat, melting the cord’s insulation or plugs, causing the possibility of a shock or fire danger.
The most important thing is to choose cords that are able to be able to handle the electrical demands or load of the of the gadget which is connected to the cord. Electricity load is expressed in Watts. If you want to run a 3,000-watt area heater, the cord has to be rated to more than 3,500 Watts.
Extension cords, however, are generally evaluated as amps (amperage) instead of the watts. Luckily, amps, watts and voltages have an equation that means it easy to calculate the power rating. The formula is Wattage = Volts x Amps.
Additionally, when choosing the correct size cord to support the electrical load, you should make sure to use grounded, or three-prong extension cords, along with portable generators. Ground cords offer a secure pathway for electricity to travel in the case of a short-circuit or other electrical dangers.
Never Back-feed a Household Circuit
Back-feeding circuits in the home is a very risky method of connecting the generator to an electrical outlet using a modified extension cord with the two male (pronged) plug ends. The whole circuit is then energized via the outlet, which creates dangers for fire, as well as a hazard of shock risk for people working on power lines within the vicinity. If there is an outage of power the utility employees typically believe that the affected homes do not have electricity. If a single homeowner is feeding an electric generator to the home’s wiring the generator introduces an insecure electrical source of power into the network, placing those working in the area at the risk of being shocked by electricity.
The most effective method of providing electricity to your household outlets as well as hard-wired appliances is with the manual transfer switch, which is that is installed by an electrician. The switches are priced from $1,200 to $1,500 including installation. They also permit you to provide power to a select number of home circuits by using an electric generator that is portable.
Another method of using generators to provide power to appliances is to connect appropriately rated extension cords from the appliance to the generator plug-ins. Also, you can use a code-approved method that makes use of a particular connector and an interlock to stop the power from reaching beyond the main breaker and placing any person at risk.
Turn off a Generator Before Refueling
Don’t add fuel to a generator when it is in operation or when it’s hot. When gasoline spills onto an engine that is hot can cause an instant fire, and even an explosion. Being without energy for more than 15 minutes will not cause any harm however, an explosion or gas flame definitely could.